GROWTH ENGINES OF TOMORROW.

Two days where founders, investors, corporates and policymakers come together to build what India scales next.

2–3 December 2026
India Habitat Centre,
New Delhi
🔥 Event Updates
The Ecosystem, Under One Roof

India's longest-running entrepreneurship conference

For over two and a half decades, TiEcon Delhi-NCR has brought together founders, investors, corporates, policymakers, and ecosystem leaders to accelerate entrepreneurship and innovation.

In 2026, under the theme "Growth Engines of Tomorrow," the convention becomes a meeting ground for the people and capital shaping India's next generation of high-growth enterprises.

2,000+
Attendees
25+
Years running
05
Growth engines
02
Days
Delegates at TiEcon Delhi-NCR
2,000+
delegates under one roof
Founders · Investors · Corporates · Governments · Embassies · Academia · Ecosystem Leaders · Media
Curated Moments to Connect, Learn, and Build

What to expect at TiEcon Delhi-NCR 2026

A look inside past editions — keynotes, pitches, workshops and the moments in between.

Keynote session

Inspiring Keynotes & Signature Sessions

Visionary leaders sharing perspectives on entrepreneurship, innovation, and growth.

Founder pitching at TiEcon Delhi-NCR

Capital Connect @ TiEcon Delhi-NCR

Curated opportunities for founders to showcase ventures and engage with investors.

Click for details →
Growth Engines Live

Project Unveil

High-impact platform for breakthrough launches, key announcements, and showcasing next-gen growth engines live at TiEcon.

Click for details →
Masterclass session at TiEcon Delhi-NCR

TiE the Knot – RISE: Women Founders’ Special

15 seasons, ₹120+ crore raised — this edition belongs to women founders.

Click for details →
Manufacturing 4.0 Beyond Steel and Silicon panel

Roundtables & Industry Dialogues

Focused conversations with leaders, policymakers, and ecosystem enablers.

Disruptors @ TiEcon Delhi-NCR 2026

Disruptors @ TiEcon Delhi-NCR 2026

Spotlighting up to 10 emerging startups with breakthrough products, technology & business models in a 4-min TED-style stage format.

Click for details →
Delegates in an informal networking conversation at TiEcon Delhi-NCR

Curated Networking Experiences

Exclusive interactions through investor breakfasts, networking lunches, and evening mixers.

Innovation showcase and report launch

Innovation Showcase & Expo

Discover emerging ventures, ideas, and solutions shaping the future.

CONFIRMED LINEUP · FIRST WAVE

Voices Driving the Growth Engines of Tomorrow

Meet the founders, investors, operators, and creators taking the mainstage at TiEcon Delhi 2026.

🔥 First Cohort Revealed
AutoTech & Mobility
Amit Lakhotia
Amit Lakhotia
Founder
Park+
AutoTech & Mobility
Amit Lakhotia
Park+

Founder of India’s leading car owner app serving 15M+ vehicle owners. Ex-Paytm VP who scaled the wallet business to 100M+ users.

Olympian & Board
Aparna Popat Ved
Aparna Popat Ved
Independent Director & Olympian
Zomato
Olympian & Board
Aparna Popat Ved
Zomato

2x Olympian, 9x Senior National Badminton Champion, and Arjuna Awardee. Board Director advising high-growth corporate governance and resilience.

Govt & Policy
Ateesh Singh
Ateesh Singh
Additional Secretary
DPIIT, Govt. of India
Govt & Policy
Ateesh Singh
DPIIT, Govt. of India

1994-batch IRTS officer steering Internal Trade, E-Commerce, Logistics & Startup India under the Ministry of Commerce & Industry.

FemTech
Deep Bajaj
Deep Bajaj
Re-Founder & CEO
Sirona Hygiene
FemTech
Deep Bajaj
Sirona Hygiene

Pioneering social entrepreneur who built category-defining FemTech brands PeeBuddy and Sirona Hygiene, winning the National Entrepreneurship Award.

Pioneer
Deep Kalra
Deep Kalra
Founder & Chairman
MakeMyTrip
Pioneer
Deep Kalra
MakeMyTrip

Pioneer of India’s online travel industry who led MakeMyTrip to a landmark NASDAQ listing. Governing Council Member of TiE Delhi-NCR.

QSR & Food-Tech
Diksha Pande
Diksha Pande
Co-Founder
Samosa Party
QSR & Food-Tech
Diksha Pande
Samosa Party

Co-Founder of Samosa Party, scaling India’s beloved street snack into a tech-driven, institutional QSR brand across 50+ stores.

HealthTech & Longevity
Gaurav Gupta
Gaurav Gupta
Founder & CEO
Gabit
HealthTech & Longevity
Gaurav Gupta
Gabit

Former Zomato Co-Founder & COO who spearheaded its landmark IPO. Now building Gabit, an AI-powered health & longevity platform.

Cinema & Creative
Kabir Khan
Kabir Khan
Filmmaker & Producer
MovieDOM
Cinema & Creative
Kabir Khan
MovieDOM

Acclaimed National Film Award-winning director of '83', 'Bajrangi Bhaijaan', and 'Ek Tha Tiger'. Chief Creative Mentor at MovieDOM.

Media & Arts
Mini Mathur
Mini Mathur
Actor, Producer & Presenter
Creative Industry
Media & Arts
Mini Mathur
Creative Industry

Defining television personality, host of 6 seasons of Indian Idol, and star of Amazon Original 'Mind the Malhotras'. IMT Ghaziabad MBA.

Luxury & Fine Jewellery
Prerna Rajpal
Prerna Rajpal
Founder & CEO
AMARIS
Luxury & Fine Jewellery
Prerna Rajpal
AMARIS

Founder & CEO of AMARIS, celebrated luxury jewellery designer fusing heirloom craftsmanship with contemporary diamond haute couture.

Unicorn Pioneer
Radhika Ghai
Radhika Ghai
Co-Founder & CEO
Kindlife
Unicorn Pioneer
Radhika Ghai
Kindlife

First woman co-founder in India's unicorn club (ShopClues). Now building Kindlife, an ecosystem platform for clean wellness and conscious beauty brands.

B2B Unicorn
Rahul Garg
Rahul Garg
Founder & CEO
Moglix | Credlix
B2B Unicorn
Rahul Garg
Moglix | Credlix

Founder of Asia's leading B2B commerce unicorn Moglix. Holds 16 US patents, former Google executive, and Chairman of CII Unicorn Forum.

Venture Capital
Rajan Anandan
Rajan Anandan
MD, Peak XV Partners & Surge
Governing Council, TiE Delhi-NCR
Venture Capital
Rajan Anandan
Governing Council, TiE Delhi-NCR

Leading investor and former VP of Google India & SE Asia. Mentored and backed hundreds of early-stage startups across India and SEA.

Sovereign Tech & AI
S Krishnan
S Krishnan
Secretary, MeitY
Govt. of India
Sovereign Tech & AI
S Krishnan
Govt. of India

1989-batch IAS officer leading the Ministry of Electronics and IT. Architecting India Semiconductor Mission, India AI Mission & DPDP Act.

Venture Capital
Sampath P
Sampath P
Partner
Kalaari Capital
Venture Capital
Sampath P
Kalaari Capital

Partner at Kalaari Capital, backing transformative founders building cutting-edge deep-tech, artificial intelligence, and enterprise software.

SpaceTech Pioneer
Sanjay Nekkanti
Sanjay Nekkanti
Founder & CEO
Dhruva Space
SpaceTech Pioneer
Sanjay Nekkanti
Dhruva Space

Pioneer of India's private space sector. Co-founder & CEO of Dhruva Space, providing full-stack satellite, deployer & ground station platforms.

R&D Innovation & Policy
Satya Prakash Singh
Satya Prakash Singh
Nodal Officer In-Charge
RDIF
R&D Innovation & Policy
Satya Prakash Singh
RDIF

Nodal Officer In-Charge of the ₹1 Lakh Crore R&D Innovation Fund (RDIF) under ANRF, driving private sector-led deep-tech and R&D.

D2C & Beverage
Shivam Shahi
Shivam Shahi
Co-Founder & COO
Blue Tokai Coffee Roasters
D2C & Beverage
Shivam Shahi
Blue Tokai Coffee Roasters

Co-Founder & COO scaling India’s largest specialty coffee roaster to 130+ cafes across India and East Asia. Supply chain and operations architect.

D2C Fast-Fashion
Sidhant Keshwani
Sidhant Keshwani
Founder & CEO
Libas
D2C Fast-Fashion
Sidhant Keshwani
Libas

Scaled Libas from a ₹4Cr traditional retailer into a ₹600Cr+ omnichannel ethnic fast-fashion powerhouse. Backed by ICICI Venture.

D2C Fast-Fashion
Siddharth Dungarwal
Siddharth Dungarwal
Founder & CEO
Snitch
D2C Fast-Fashion
Siddharth Dungarwal
Snitch

Disruptor of men's fast-fashion in India. Built Snitch to ₹400Cr+ ARR, secured a historic All-Shark deal on Shark Tank India, expanding 40+ stores.

Consumer & Fintech
Swati Bhargava
Swati Bhargava
Co-Founder
CashKaro & EarnKaro
Consumer & Fintech
Swati Bhargava
CashKaro & EarnKaro

Co-Founder of India’s largest cashback & affiliate platform backed by Ratan Tata and Affle. Former Goldman Sachs London investment banker.

Venture Capital
Vani Kola
Vani Kola
Managing Director
Kalaari Capital
Venture Capital
Vani Kola
Kalaari Capital

Legendary VC and founder of Kalaari Capital. Backed category creators Dream11, Myntra, Snapdeal, and Curefit after 22 years in Silicon Valley.

Consumer & FMCG
Viraj Bahl
Viraj Bahl
Founder & MD
VRB Consumer
Consumer & FMCG
Viraj Bahl
Veeba Foods

Category creator who built Veeba into one of India's largest condiment & sauce brands, supplying Domino's, KFC, and millions of retail kitchens.

âš¡
+ many more Confirming Soon
New unicorn founders, institutional investors, and global policymakers revealed weekly.
Register to Meet Them →
Hover over any speaker card to explore their profileTap any speaker card to explore their profile

Over the past two and a half decades, TiEcon Delhi-NCR has been graced by India's preeminent policymakers, global business icons, and visionary entrepreneurs:

Past TiEcon Delhi-NCR Speakers Collage
AL
AUTOTECH & MOBILITY

Amit Lakhotia

Founder · Park+
Founder & CEO, Park+ (15M+ Car Owners)
Former VP, Paytm (Scaled Wallet Business)
IIM Ahmedabad · NSIT Delhi
Executive Biography

Amit Lakhotia is the Founder & CEO of Park+, India’s leading automotive super-app serving over 15 million car owners across 50+ cities. Launched in 2019, Park+ simplifies vehicle ownership by digitizing parking discovery, FASTag recharge and automation, smart gated community access, automated challan tracking, car insurance, and EV charging solutions.

Prior to founding Park+, Amit spent over a decade shaping India's fintech and consumer internet ecosystems. As Vice President at Paytm, he led and scaled the Paytm Wallet business during its transformative growth phase to exceed 100 million active users. He also served as Vice President of Business at Southeast Asian tech giant Tokopedia in Indonesia, and spearheaded corporate travel operations at MakeMyTrip.

Amit holds an engineering degree from Netaji Subhas Institute of Technology (NSIT, Delhi) and an MBA from the Indian Institute of Management, Ahmedabad (IIM-A). He is also an active angel investor supporting early-stage Indian tech startups.

A Glimpse Into Last Year's Energy

TiEcon Delhi-NCR 2025 in Action

Each panel below auto-rotates through the strongest shots from that part of the event.

Watch the Highlights
TIECON DELHI-NCR 2026 PROGRAMME ARCHITECTURE

Key Tracks, High-Stakes Dealrooms & Strategic Keynotes

Here is the updated programming blueprint crafted for 2–3 December 2026 at India Habitat Centre — built around sovereign technology, consumer scale, AI value creation, high-conviction dealmaking, and enterprise growth.

DAY 1 · FLAGSHIP STRATEGIC TRACK

TechSwaraj: Strategic Technologies for Global Leadership

Building India’s sovereign technology capabilities — from national deeptech priorities and policy dialogues with innovation architects to next-gen startup showcases.

Featured Sessions & Lineup:
  • Opening & Welcome: Setting the convention stage for India’s flagship entrepreneurship ecosystem
  • Keynote: The Great Indian Lift-Off Nation — Why India’s next decade could be its most transformative yet • Rajan Anandan (MD, Peak XV Partners | GC, TiE Delhi-NCR)
  • Strategic DeepTech: From AI to Advantage — Turning intelligence into India’s next growth engine • Powered by Fundamentum Frontier Advisors (F2A)
  • Policy Unplugged: Ask India’s Innovation Architects — Open AMA with leaders from DPIIT, MeitY, BIRAC, DRDO, iDEX, IN-SPACe, RDIF, ANRF and key innovation agencies
  • From Startup to Scale Up — Turning India’s startup momentum into economic power • Shri Ateesh Singh (Addl. Secretary, DPIIT, Govt. of India)
  • Disruptors @ TiEcon: Spotlighting the next generation of breakout companies and emerging ventures worth watching
DAY 1 · CONSUMER TECH & BRANDS

Consumer Next: Future of ConsumerTech, Commerce & Brands

Navigating the great consumer reset, building enduring consumer brands beyond customer acquisition costs (CAC), AI-driven attention economies, and fintech growth engines.

Featured Sessions & Lineup:
  • Fintech: Paisa Ka Engine, Growth Ka Gear — Capital rails and financial infrastructure powering the new economy • Rahul Garg (Founder, Moglix | Credlix) & Sanjiv Bajaj (Bajaj Capital)
  • Beyond CAC: Kaun Banega Brandpati? — Unit economics, consumer retention, and enduring brand moats • Shivam Shahi (Founder, Blue Tokai), Siddharth Dungarwal (Founder & CEO, Snitch) & Diksha Pande (Co-Founder, Samosa Party)
  • The Next Consumer Platform: AI, Commerce & Attention Ka Akhada • Radhika Ghai (Co-Founder, Kindlife) & Sidhant Keshwani (CEO, Libas)
  • From Marketplace to Moat: How category leaders build businesses that endure • Gaurav Gupta (Founder & CEO, Gabit) & Viraj Bahl (Founder & Managing Director, VRB Consumer / Veeba)
DAY 2 · AI & STRATEGIC DEEPTECH

Strategic DeepTech, Sovereign AI & Defence Edge

Deconstructing AI value creation, scaling indigenous frontier technologies from lab to market, and unlocking national deeptech competitiveness.

Featured Sessions & Lineup:
  • Ecosystem Breakfast Roundtable: Building India’s Deeptech Future — What It Takes to Build Next Tech Champions • with Shri S Krishnan (Secretary, MeitY, Govt. of India)
  • Strategic Keynotes: Building India’s Strategic Technologies by Shri S Krishnan (Secretary, MeitY) • Strategic DeepTech: The New Engines of National Competitiveness by Vani Kola (MD, Kalaari Capital)
  • Beyond the Hype: What’s Next for AI? — Foundational models, distribution, and real-world deployment • Amit Lakhotia (Founder, Park+), Sampath P (Partner, Kalaari Capital) & Aivar
  • Building Strategic Technologies: Indigenous Innovation to Global Leadership • Sanjay Nekkanti (Founder & CEO, Dhruva Space)
  • Building Defence & Advanced Manufacturing Edge: Powered by Fundamentum Frontier Advisors (F2A), featuring 8 vanguard deeptech leaders: NewSpace Research & Technologies, Tonbo Imaging, Sagar Defence Engineering, Jeh Aerospace, Big Bang Boom Solutions, Ethereal Machines, Scimplify & Raphe mPhibr
  • DeepTech Continuum & Closing Keynote: The DeepTech Capital Continuum: From Research Grants to Global Scale followed by the convention Closing Keynote
DAY 2 · CAPITAL CONNECT & DEALROOMS

Capital Connect & Live Deal Rooms

Curated, outcome-driven dealmaking environments uniting leading venture capitalists, angel syndicates, institutional allocators, and high-growth founders.

Featured Formats & Lineup:
  • Chai, Toast Aur Term Sheets @ CAPITAL CONNECT: Curated 1-on-1 Founder × Investor breakfast deal sessions
  • Cheque De India! Deal Room: High-stakes live pitch sessions and real-time capital commitments (Risk Hai Toh Ishq Hai)
  • Unlocking Patient Capital for Deeptech: Financing Innovation at Scale • SP Singh (Nodal Officer-Incharge, RDIF / ANRF)
  • De-risking Deeptech: Mobilising Private Capital: Unlocking institutional and patient capital for India’s next generation of technology leaders
  • The Capital Lounge: Exclusive bilateral networking & co-investment syndication for Family Offices & VCs at Capital Connect
DAY 2 · ENTERPRISE & INNOVATION

Corporate Innovation: Enterprise as Growth Engines

Positioning enterprises as strategic growth engines — co-building with startups, cross-sector industry collaboratories, and honoring corporate finance leadership.

Featured Formats & Lineup:
  • LAUNCHPAD @ TiEcon & Enterprise Track: Where the ecosystem’s next big corporate moves, breakthrough ventures, and enterprise initiatives are unveiled
  • Innovation at Scale: Enterprise as India’s Strategic Growth Engines — corporate venturing and agility
  • Jugalbandi: Corporate Innovation Collaboratory: Dedicated cross-sector tracks bridging corporate leaders and startups across Fintech, Auto & EV, AI, and Healthcare
  • Emerging Finance Leader Awards: Honoring pioneering CFOs and financial builders shaping corporate scale • Powered by Binary Semantics Ltd
SIGNATURE SESSIONS & MASTERCLASSES

Signature Firesides, Masterclasses & Special Editions

High-octane unscripted conversations, practical founder toolkits, women-led venture funding, and flagship celebratory stages across both days.

Featured Sessions & Formats:
  • Headline Fireside — No Script, No Safety Net: Risk, Relevance & What Comes Next • Kabir Khan (Filmmaker & Producer) & Mini Mathur (Actor & Presenter) in conversation with Deep Kalra (Founder & Chairman, MakeMyTrip; GC, TiE Delhi-NCR)
  • Founder Masterclasses: Masterclass: AI for Every Founder • Masterclass: The Non-Tech Founder’s Toolkit — Practical Takeaways
  • TiE Young Entrepreneurs (TYE) Felicitation: Celebrating the 2025-26 cohort of high-school innovators and young builders
  • TiE Talk — Chak de Founders: What It Takes to Turn Ambition into Achievement • Aparna Popat Ved (Olympian; Independent Director, Zomato)
  • TiE the Knot 15 — RISE: Dedicated Women Founders’ Venture Pitch Stage (₹120+ Cr raised across past seasons)
  • Gala Networking Dinner: Curated ecosystem evening mixer, networking dinner, and institutional celebrations
📌 Programme Schedule Note: The TiEcon Delhi-NCR 2026 agenda is actively curated across the Main Hall and Side Halls at India Habitat Centre, New Delhi. Featured tracks, confirmed speakers, and stage allocations reflect current scheduling and are subject to minor refinements leading up to 2–3 December 2026.
Looking to meet these leaders or pitch in the deal rooms?
Delegate passes and applications for Capital Connect and TiE the Knot 15 are currently live.
Book Your Delegate Pass →
From Brand Presence to Business Impact

Why Partner with TiEcon Delhi-NCR 2026?

Connect your brand with 2,000+ founders, investors, corporate leaders, and policymakers shaping India's growth engines.

Download Deck (PDF)
PARTNERSHIP OVERVIEW

Designed Around Your Objectives

Explore tailored touchpoints for Corporates, Investors, Government, Trade Missions, and Media.

Innovation Access

Discover emerging startups and technologies tailored to your corporate strategy.

Thought Leadership

Position your brand at the forefront of deeptech and enterprise innovation.

Business Development

Direct access to founders, decision-makers, and institutional partners.

Brand Visibility

Dominant stage, venue, and digital branding across 2,000+ high-net-worth delegates.

Curated Deal Flow

Exclusive access to vetted, venture-ready startups pitching live.

Co-Investment Lounges

Private networking spaces with institutional and angel investors.

Founder Access

Engage directly with entrepreneurs leading growth-stage ventures.

Market Intelligence

Stay ahead of emerging sector trends across India's deeptech ecosystem.

Investment Promotion

Showcase state & regional innovation corridors to founders and global capital.

Policy Dialogue

Lead keynote roundtables on sovereign tech & economic development.

Public-Private Alignment

Foster strategic collaborations between government schemes and startups.

Cross-Border Corridors

Enable bilateral trade and international startup expansion.

Country Showcases

Dedicated pavilions for international delegation presentations.

Programme Visibility

Showcase incubators, accelerators, and founder initiatives.

Strategic Partnerships

Extend your reach across India's premier founder community.

Exclusive Access

Priority interviews with keynote speakers, government leaders, and unicorn founders.

High-Impact Audience

Engage a high-value business, tech, and investor audience.

STEP 1

Tell us your objective (Brand, Deals, PR, Policy)

STEP 2

We map key touchpoints (Stages, Lounges, Tracks)

STEP 3

Category exclusivity available upon request

STEP 4

A custom proposal built around your goals

TIECON DELHI-NCR 2026 PARTNERS

Powering the Growth Engines of Tomorrow

Standing alongside TiEcon Delhi-NCR to invest in the founders, technologies, and institutions shaping India’s future.

Strategic Innovation Partner
Kalaari Capital - Strategic Innovation Partner
Investor Partner
IAN Group - Investor Partner
Co-Partners
Hughes Systique - Co-Partner Hughes Systique - Co-Partner
The Exchange Floor

Confirmed Exhibitors & Ecosystem Showcase

Innovative startups, deeptech solutions, and institutional pavilions taking the floor at TiEcon Delhi-NCR 2026.

Widely Covered, Widely Heard

Media coverage of TiEcon Delhi-NCR 2025

View Media Room →
YourStory

Piyush Goyal calls for resilient supply chains, less dependence on select geographies at TiEcon.

The Economic Times

Reducing foreign dependence vital for India's technological future, says Piyush Goyal at TiEcon Delhi-NCR 2025.

Express News Service

Bansuri Swaraj pushes for women in technology at the TiEcon Delhi-NCR 2025 valedictory session.

Fortune India

"Think Global": Piyush Goyal urges entrepreneurs to embrace global ambition at TiEcon Delhi-NCR 2025.

Registration

Get your pass

Choose the pass that's right for you and register in minutes.

Charter Member
Free
TiE Delhi-NCR Charter Members attend at no cost.
Continue to registration →
Founders Club
Free
Complimentary access for Founders Club members.
Continue to registration →
Non-Member
₹7,500
+ GST · General delegate access for non-members.
Continue to registration →
Student
₹2,500
+ GST · Valid student ID required at check-in.
Continue to registration →
Organising Committee

The people behind TiEcon Delhi-NCR 2026

The founders, operators, and investors shaping this year's summit — more to be announced.

Aakriti Bhargava
Aakriti Bhargava
COO & Co-Founder
Wizikey
Gaurav Bhagat
Gaurav Bhagat
Managing Director
Consortium Gifts Pvt. Ltd
Jaspreet Singh
Jaspreet Singh
Chief Revenue Officer
Grant Thornton Bharat LLP
Prajakt Raut
Prajakt Raut
Co-Founder & Managing Partner
Caret Capital
Saloni Malhotra
Saloni Malhotra
Founder & Board Member
DesiCrew Solutions
Saurabh Jain
Saurabh Jain
Founder
Bharat Startup Mission
Sumeet Singh
Sumeet Singh
CMO
Info Edge India Ltd
Vikas Gupta
Vikas Gupta
Founder & Director
9.9 Group Pvt Ltd
Vikram Gupta
Vikram Gupta
Founder & Managing Partner
IvyCap Ventures
Alok Mittal
Alok Mittal
Co-Founder & CEO
Indifi Technologies
Deep Kalra
Deep Kalra
Founder & Executive Chairman
MakeMyTrip
Gita Dang
Gita Dang
Founder Director
Talent Advisory
Pradeep Gupta
Pradeep Gupta
Chairman & Managing Director
CyberMedia Group
Pramod Bhasin
Pramod Bhasin
Chairman, ClixCapital
Co-Founder, Asha Impact
Rajan Anandan
Rajan Anandan
Managing Director
Peak XV Partners & Surge
Sanjeev Bikhchandani
Sanjeev Bikhchandani
Founder & Executive Vice Chairman
Info Edge (India) Limited
Dr. Saurabh Srivastava
Dr. Saurabh Srivastava
Chairman Emeritus
TiE Delhi-NCR

TiEcon DELHI-NCR

TiEcon Delhi-NCR : India’s Deeptech Ascent

Contact

Abhimanyu Sharma - abhimanyu@delhi.tie.org | +91 7011313377

Stay Updated

Get the latest news on TiEcon Delhi-NCR

© 2025 TiEcon Delhi-NCR. All Rights Reserved.